Uloga samopoštovanja i vršnjačkog pritiska u objašnjenju usamljenosti adolescenata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15291/ai.1286Ključne riječi:
usamljenost, samopoštovanje, vršnjački pritisak, adolescencijaSažetak
Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi u kojoj mjeri se usamljenost u adolescenciji možeobjasniti samopoštovanjem i vršnjačkim pritiskom. Naime, brojna istraživanja su se većinomusmjerila na bivarijatne odnose među spomenutim varijablama, te do sada na hrvatskom uzorkuadolescenata nije istovremeno provjeravan odnos usamljenosti sa samopoštovanjem i vršnjačkimpritiskom. Iako većina autora smatra da se usamljenost može javiti u svim razvojnim razdobljima,ipak se naglašava da je usamljenost tijekom adolescencije izraženija i to čak najviše u razdobljumlađi adolescencije. Uspostavljanje i održavanje zadovoljavajućih odnosa postaje prioritet, štoneadekvatne i nepodržavajuće odnose s vršnjacima čini rizičnim faktorom za pojavu usamljenosti.Osim vršnjačkih odnosa, značajnu ulogu za uspješan razvoj adolescenata ima i pozitivan stav osebi, odnosno samopoštovanje. Ranija istraživanja su pokazala da je samopoštovanje, koje opadatijekom rane adolescencije, važna odrednica usamljenosti. Stoga su uzorak ovog istraživanjačinile dvije skupine adolescenata, 200 učenika sedmih razreda osnovne škole, koji su predstavljaligrupu mlađih adolescenata, i 200 učenika četvrtih razreda srednjih škola, koji su činili skupinustarijih adolescenata. Primijenjen je upitnik koji se sastojao od tri skupine skala, Kratka verzijaUCLA skale, Revediriana skala samoprihvaćanja i samokompetentnosti te Skala podložnostivršnjačkom pritisku. Rezultati ukazuju na višu razinu usamljenosti kod mlađih adolescenata,te niže samopoštovanje, ali veću razinu podložnosti vršnjačkom pritisku u odnosu na kasneadolescente. Djevojke bez obzira na dob imaju nešto niže samopoštovanje u odnosu na mladiće,dok se razina usamljenosti značajno ne mijenja s obzirom na spol. Međutim, adolescenti suskloniji nego adolescentice rizičnom ponašanju (npr. konzumiranje opijata i rizična seksualnaponašanja) i neadekvatnom ponašanju u školi (npr. neopravdano izostajanje s nastave) podutjecajem vršnjaka. Također je za pojavu usamljenosti u adolescenciji važna negativna slika osebi, odnosno nisko samopoštovanje, te izraženija podložnost vršnjačkom pritisku. Dobivenirezultati su objašnjeni u okvirima razvojnih promjena koje čine adolescente rizičnim za pojavuusamljenosti.
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