Dimenzije odnosa među najboljim prijateljima –razvoj i validacija instrumenta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15291/ai.5043Ključne riječi:
dimenzije prijateljskih odnosa, razvoj, evaulacija i validacija instrumentaSažetak
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati dimenzije kvalitete prijateljstva učenika viših razreda osnove škole te validirati mjerni instrument analizom strukturalne valjanosti i testiranjem potencijalnih modela kroz indekse pristajanja i diskriminativne valjanosti upitnika. Osnova je metodološkog pristupa ovog istraživanja analiza kvalitete odnosa učenika s najboljim prijateljem. Model i 4-faktorska struktura identificirani su pomoću eksploratorne faktorske analize te potvrđeni pomoću konfirmativne faktorske analize. Istraživanje je provedeno u dvije faze na ukupnom uzorku od 483 učenika viših razreda osnovne škole gdje je finalna verzija testirana i evaluirana na svakom od poduzoraka kao i na ukupnom uzorku ispitanika. Struktura je upitnika analizirana s ciljem razvoja i popratnog dorađivanja instrumenta analizom faktorske strukture i višekratnog testiranja različitih verzija teorijskog modela. Eksplorativnom faktorskom analizom identificirane su skupine latentnih konstrukata koji stoje iza mjerenih čestica, a model je potom svaki put testiran konfirmativnom faktorskom analizom gdje su unutar izdvojenih čestica ispitivane faktorske strukture koje su temeljene na teorijskim i empirijskim istraživanjima iz područja prijateljskih odnosa. Dimenzije su prijateljskih odnosa provedenim postupcima validacije upitnika i usuglašavanjem s relevantnim teorijskim okvirima u istraživanju (dimenzionalnosti) prijateljskih odnosa rezultirale modelom od četiri faktora koji opisuju odnos s najboljim prijateljem: zabava, slobodno vrijeme, intimnost i zaštita. Za konačni model prikazan u ovom radu potvrđena je i provjera pouzdanosti metodom ponovljenog testiranja (engl. test-retest) te su evaluirani relevantni indeksi pristajanja faktorskog modela (engl. model fit).
Reference
Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. 19 (6): 716–723.
Asher, S. R., Coie, J. D. (1990). Peer rejection in childhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Atik, Z. E., Çoban, A. E., Çok, F., Doğan, T., Karaman, N. G. (2014). Adaptation of thepeer relationship scale to Turkish: Validity and reliability study,
Educational Sciences in Theory and Practice. 14 (2): 433–446. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.2.1778
Bagwell, C. L., Bender S. E., Andreassi C. L., Kinoshita T. L., Montarello S. A. (2005). Friendship quality and perceived relationship changes
predict psychosocial adjustment in early adulthood, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 22: 235–254.
Baumgartner, H., Homburg, C. (1995). Applications of Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research: A Review, International Journal of Research in Marketing. 12 (3): 261–286.
Bentler, P. M., Chou, C. P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modelling, Sociological Methods Research. 16: 78–117.
Berndt, T. J, Hawkins, J. A., Jiao, Z. (1999). Influences of friends and friendships on adjustment to junior high school, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. 45:13–41.
Bukowski, W. M., Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F. (1994). Peer interactions and friendships in childhood, Current Directions in Psychological Science. 3 (3): 75–79.
Bukowski, W. M., Sippola, L. K. (1996). Friendship and morality: (How) are they related? [Amistad y moralidad: cómo se relacionan?]. U: Bukowski, W. M., Newcomb, A. F., W. W. Hartup (ur.). The companythey keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence (238–262). Cambridge University Press.
Bruna de Jesus Lopes., (2023), Friendship Quality Scale: Adaptation and Psychometric Evidence, Psychology and Mental Health Care, 7(5): DOI:10.31579/2637-8892/216
Cattell, R. B. (1978). The scientific use of factor analysis in behavioral and life sciences. New York: Plenum.
Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 55: 584–594.
Costello, A. B., Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation. 10: 1–9.
Demir, M., Urberg, K. A. (2004). Friendship and adjustment among adolescents [Amistad & adaptación entre adolescents], Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 88: 68–82.
Doll, W. J., Xi, D., Torkzadeh, G. (1994). The Meanings of Fit and Fit Indices in Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Journal of Marketing Research. 31 (3): 365–374.
Furman, W., Buhrmeister, D. (1985). Children’s perceptions of the personal relationship in their social networks, Develoomentai Psychology. 21: 1016–1024.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., Black, W. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th ed. Englewood Cliff s, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hawthorne, G., Griffith, P. (2000). Measuring social isolation in young adults: Development and initial validation of the friendship scale [Medición del aislamiento social en adultos jóvenes: Desarrollo y validación inicial de la escala de Amistad], Social Indicators Research. 77: 521–548.
Helmi, A., Widhiarso, W., Husna, A. (2017). The Development of Online Friendship Scale, International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning. 7: 12–25. 10.4018/IJCBPL.2017100102.
Hinton, P. R., McMurray, I., Brownlow, C. (2014). SPSS explained (2th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315797298
Hoyle, R.H. (1995) The Structural Equation Modeling Approach: Basic Concepts and Fundamental Issues. In: Hoyle, R.H., Ed., Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, 1-15.
Hu, L. T., Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives, Structural Equation Modeling. 6 (1): 1–55.
Hum, M. (1999), A cross-cultural study of the dimensions of friendship quality – doctoral thesis. Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto.
Jackson, D. L., Gillaspy, J. A., Purc-Stephenson, R. (2009). A latent class analysis of individual differences in the measurement of motivation: Implications for testing and evaluation models, Journal of Educational Psychology. 101 (3): 656–673.
Kolak, A., Markić, I., Horvat, Z. (2021). Tko je tvoj najbolji prijatelj? – dimenzije kvalitete prijateljskoga odnosa, Croatian Journal of Education. 23 (3): 767–793. https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v23i3.4024
Klarin, M. (2006). Razvoj djece u socijalnom kontekstu – roditelji, vršnjaci, učitelji. Jastrebarsko: Naklada Slap.
Kline, P. (2002). An easy guide to factor analysis. London: Routledge.
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
Ladd, G. W., Kochenderfer, B. J., Coleman, C. C. (1996). Friendship quality as a predictor of young children’s early school adjustment, Child development. 67: 1103–1118.
MacCallum, R. (1986). Specification searches in covariance structure modeling, Psychological Bulletin. 100 (1): 107–120. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.100.1.107.
Mendelson, M. J., Aboud, F. E. (1999). Measuring friendship quality in late adolescents and young adults: McGill Friendship Questionnaires, Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. 31: 130–132.
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennet, N., Lind, S., Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of Goodness-of-Fit Indices for Structural Equation Models, Psychological Bulletin. 105 (3): 430–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430
Munro, B. (2005). Statistical Methods for Health Care Research (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Newsom, J. T. 2018. Some Clarifications and Recommendations on Fit Indices. Psy 523/623 Structural Equation Modeling, Spring. Preuzeto sa stranice: https://web.pdx.edu/~newsomj/semclass/ho_fit.pdf
Parker, J. G., Asher, S. R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: links eith peer group acceptance and feeling of loneliness and social dissatisfaction, Developmental Psychology. 2, 4: 611–621.
Pierce, G. R., Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R. (1991). General and relationship-based perceptions of social support: Are two constructs better than one?, Journal of personality and social psychology. 61 (6): 10280–10390.
Romero-Iribas, A., & Camilli-Trujillo, C. (2023). Diseño y validación de una Escala de Amistad de Carácterpara jóvenes [Design and validation of a Character Friendship Scale for young adults]. Revista Española de Pedagogía, 81 (286), 529-553. https://doi.org/10.22550/REP81-3-2023-05https://revistadepedagogia.org/ ISSN: 0034-9461 (Print), 2174-0909 (Online)
Schneider, B. H., Fonzi, A., Tani, F., Tomada, G. (1997). A cross-cultural exploration of the stability of children’s friendships and predictors of their continuation, Social Development. 6: 322–339.
Sharabany, R. (1994). Continuities in the Development of Intimete Friendships: Object Relations, Interpersonal, and Attachment Perspectives. U: Erber, R., R. Gilmour (ur.). Theoretical Framework for personal Relationships (157–178). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlvaum Associates Publishers.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
Tanaka, F. (1993). Information Criteria and Model Selection. U: Konishi, S. (ur.). Handbook of Statistics. Vol. 5. (249–275). Cambridge University Press.
T ucker, L. R., Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis, Psychometrika. 38: 1–10.
Tillfors, M., Persson, S., Willén, M., Burk, W. J. (2012). Prospective links between social anxiety and adolescent peer relations, Journal of adolescence. 35: 1255–1263.
Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple factor analysis: A development and expansion of vectors of the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Tomada, G., Schneider, B. H. (1997). Relational aggression, gender, and peer acceptance: Invariance across culture, stability over time, and concordance among informants, Developmental Psychology. 33 (4): 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.33.4.601
Uchino, B. N., Uno, D., Holt-Lunstad, J. (1999). Social support, physiological processes, and health, Current Directions in Psychological Science. 8: 145–148.
Velicer, W. F., Eaton, C. A., Fava, J. L. (2000). Construct explication through factor or component analysis: A review and evaluation of alternative procedures for determining the number of factors or components. U: Goffin R. D., E. Helmes (ur.). Problems and solutions in human assessment: Honoring Douglas N. Jackson at seventy (41–71). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Walen, H. R., Lachman, M. E. (2000). Social support and strain from partner, family, and friends: Costs and benefits for men and women in adulthood, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 17: 5–30.
Watkins, M. W. (2000). Monte Carlo PCA for Parallel Analysis [Computer software]. State College, PA: Ed & Psych Associates.
Wright, P. H. (1978). Toward a theory of friendship based on a conception of self, Human Communication Research. 4: 196–207.
Weiss, M. R., Smith, A. L. (1999). Quality of youth sport friendships: Measurement development and validation, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 21 (2): 145–166.
