Ethical Behavior of Professional Accountants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15291/oec.1342Keywords:
accounting, the accounting profession, professional behavior, accounting ethics, integrityAbstract
Today accounting is an essential system in the developed world since the existing economic system simply cannot function without it. A distinctive feature of the accounting profession is the accepting of responsibility towards the users of accounting information. Every professional accountant, besides being qualified, must have a high degree of professional integrity. Since professional accountants face complex challenges in the business and the professional environment there is an increased stress placed on the ethical behavior of accountants. Ethics and professionalism in accounting are necessary for the accountants as well as for those who use their information. The objectives of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in the level of education of professional accountants according to their sex, are there differences between the sexes when it comes to professionalism and whether the length of service affects their integrity and professionalism. An online survey was conducted in June 2016 and it was sent to 196 e-mail addresses of accountants in Croatia. The results are based on the received feedback from 55 accounting professionals. The obtained results indicate that there is a difference between the sexes due to the level of education. The results also indicate that there is no difference between male and female accountants in relation to their professionalism, and also confirm the influence of experience on the integrity and professionalism of accountants as well as on their ethical behavior.References
Akenbor, C. O., Tennyson, O. (2014). Ethics of Accounting Profession in Nigeria, Journal of Business and Economics, 5 (8), 1374-1382.
Aljinović Barać, Ž., Markota, Lj., Vuljan, F. (2016). Važnost etike u obrazovanju i utjecaj na ponašanje profesionalnih računovođa, ur. Jurić, Đ., Zbornik radova sa 17. međunarodne znanstvene i stručne konferencije „Računovodstvo i Menadžment“, Primošten, Hrvatska, Lipanj 9-10, Zagreb, Hrvatski računovođa, 21-30.
Arnold, D. F., Bernardi, R. A., Neidermeyer, P. E., Schmee, J. (2007). The effect of country and culture on perceptions of appropriate ethical actions prescribed by codes of conduct: A Western European perspective among accountants, Journal of Business Ethics, 70 (4), 327-340.
Badawi, I. M. (2002). Accounting codes of conduct, violations and disciplinary actions, Review of Business, 23(1), 72-76.
Ballet, J., de Bry, F., Carimentrand, A., Jolivet, P. (2011). L'entreprise et l'éthique, Seuil, Pariz.
Bedeković, M. (2013). Računovodstvena etika i njezina važnost u računovodstvenoj profesiji, Praktični menadžment, stručni časopis za teoriju i praksu menadžmenta, 4(2), 102-105.
Clarke, P., Hill, N. T., Stevens, K. (1996). Ethical reasoning abilities: Accountancy practitioners in Irelan, Irish Journal of Management, 17, 94-109.
Clements, C. E., Neill, J. D., Stovall, O. S. (2009). The impact of cultural differences on the convergence of international accounting codes of ethics, Journal of Business Ethics, 90 (3), 383-391.
Conroy, S. J., Emerson, T. L., Pons, F. (2010). Ethical attitudes of accounting practitioners: are rank and ethical attitudes related?, Journal of Business Ethics, 91 (2), 183-194.
Cowton, C. J. (2009). Accounting and the ethics challenge: Re‐membering the professional body, Accounting and Business Research, 39 (3), 177-189.
Deshpande, S. P. (1997). Managers' perception of proper ethical conduct: The effect of sex, age, and level of education, Journal of Business Ethics, 16 (1), 79-85.
Deshpande, S. P., Joseph, J., Prasad, R. (2008). Impact of managerial dependencies on ethical behavior, Journal of Business Ethics, 83 (3), 535-542.
Đukić, T., Pavlović, M. (2014). Kvalitet finansijskog izveštavanja u Republici Srbiji, Economic Themes, 52 (1), 101-116.
Emerson, T. L., Conroy, S. J., Stanley, C. W. (2007). Ethical attitudes of accountants: Recent evidence from a practitioners’ survey, Journal of Business Ethics, 71(1), 73-87.
Grivec, M. (2014). Etika u računovodstvu, Praktični menadžment, stručni časopis za teoriju i praksu menadžmenta, 5 (2), 17-22.
Gulin, D., Milčić, I., Bakran, D. (2015). Očekivanja, stanja i perspektive razvoja računovodstvene profesije, ur. Aljninović Barać, Ž., Zbornik radova s 50. jesenskog savjetovanja „Računovodstvo, financije i porezi u praksi“, Brela, Hrvatska, 22. – 24.
listopada 2015., Udruga računovođa i financijskih djelatnika, Split, 1-27.
Güney, S., Bozkurt, R. (2012). The Problems and Ethical Attitudes of Accounting Professionals Toward Accounting Errors and Frauds: A Model Practice in City of Erzurum, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3 (20), 255-268.
Han Fan, Y., Woodbine, G., Cheng, W. (2013). A study of Australian and Chinese accountants’ attitudes towards independence issues and the impact on ethical judgements, Asian Review of Accounting, 21 (3), 205-222.
Hartikainen, O., Torstila, S. (2004). Job-related ethical judgment in the finance profession, Journal of Applied Finance, 14(1), 62-76.
IESBA-ov kodeks etike za profesionalne računovođe, Priručnik s kodeksom etike za profesionalne računovođe (2010). Dostupno na: http://www.revizorskakomora.hr/pdf/Kodeks-etike/Kodeks-profesinalne-etike-revizora.pdf [pristupljeno 7. srpnja 2016.].
Jackling, B., Cooper, B. J., Leung, P., Dellaportas, S. (2007). Professional accounting bodies' perceptions of ethical issues, causes of ethical failure and ethics education, Managerial Auditing Journal, 22 (9), 928-944.
Janković, S., Vlašić D. (2010). Revidiran je etički kodeks profesionalnih računovođa, Računovodstvo i financije, 56 (9), 85-88.
Krkač, K., Volarević, H., Josipović, M. (2011). Načela poslovne etike i korporacijske društvene odgovornosti u području računovodstva, revizije, financija i bankarstva, Obnovljeni život, 66 (2), 187-199.
Kurtаnović, S., Mušinbegović, S., Kadić, L. (2014). Problemi računovodstvene profesije u praksi BiH preduzeća, Business Consultant/Poslovni Konsultant, 6 (36), 26-34.
Malinić, D. (2011). Etička dimenzija kvaliteta finansijskog izveštavanja, Ekonomika preduzeća, 59, 243-261.
Marques, P. A., Azevedo-Pereira, J. (2009). Ethical ideology and ethical judgments in the Portuguese accounting profession, Journal of Business Ethics, 86(2), 227-242.
Mohd Ghazali, N. A. (2015). The influence of a business ethics course on ethical judgments of Malaysian accountants, Journal of Asia Business Studies, 9(2), 147-161.
Nicolaescu, C., Pantea Mioara, F. (2008). Ethics in Accounting, Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 17 (3), 191-209.
O'Dwyer, B., Madden, G. (2006). Ethical Codes of Conduct in Irish Companies: A Survey of Code Content and Enforcement Procedures, Journal of Business Ethics, 63(3), 217-236.
Onyebuchi, V. N. (2011). Ethics in accounting, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(10), 275.
Ramljak, B. (2005). Professional Behaviour of Accountants in Transition Conditions with Focus on Croatia, 3rd International Conference on Accounting and Finance in Transition, Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Accounting and Finance in
Transition, London, Great Britain, July 13-16 2005., London: Greenwich University Press.
Ramljak, B. (2007). Role of Accounting Profession in Transition Conditions – Focus on Croatia, Second International Symposium on Economic Theory, Policy and Applications, Athens, Greece, August 6-9, 2007., Athens: Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER).
Roozen, I., De Pelsmacker, P., Bostyn, F. (2001). The ethical dimensions of decision processes of employees, Journal of Business Ethics, 33(2), 87-99.
Schiffler, L. (2001). Kodeks etike za računovođe – putevi moderne etike, Računovodstvo, revizija i financije, 10(8), 40-44.
Smith, A., Hume, E. C. (2005). Linking Culture and Ethics: A Comparison of Accountants' Ethical Belief Systems in the Individualism/Collectivism and Power Distance Contexts, Journal of Business Ethics, 62 (3), 209-220.
Smith, M., Charoensukmongk, P. P., Elkassabgi, A., Lee, K. H. H. (2009). Aspects of accounting codes of ethics in Canada, Egypt, and Japan, Internal Auditing, 24 (6), 26-34.
Spalding, A. D., Oddo, A. (2011). It's Time for Principles-Based Accounting Ethics, Journal of Business Ethics, 99 (1), 49-59.
Stojanović, R. (2015). Profesionalna etika kao imperativ pouzdanosti finansijskog izveštavanja, [Online], 12, 53-61. Dostupno na: http://finiz.singidunum.ac.rs/portal/wpcontent/
uploads/sites/3/2015/12/53-61.pdf (pristupljeno 7. srpnja 2016.)
Weeks, W. A., Moore, C. W., McKinney, J. A., Longenecker, J. G. (1999). The effects of gender and career stage on ethical judgment, Journal of Business Ethics, 20(4), 301-313.
Žager, K., Dečman, N. (2015). Računovodstvo malih i srednjih poduzeća, Hrvatska zajednica računovođa i financijskih djelatnika, Zagreb.



