Kognitivne pristranosti u financijskom i medicinskom odlučivanju: interdisciplinarni pristup i strategije za učinkovitije donošenje odluka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15291/oec.4922Keywords:
kognitivne pristranosti, heuristike, medicinsko odlučivanje, financijsko odlučivanje, interdisciplinarni pristupAbstract
Svrha ovoga rada je istražiti utjecaj kognitivnih pristranosti na donošenje odluka u područjima financija i medicine te ispitati mogućnosti interdisciplinarnog prijenosa strategija za umanjenje njihova utjecaja. Analiza se temelji na teorijskom okviru dualnog modela razmišljanja (Sustav 1 i Sustav 2) i sekundarnoj analizi relevantne literature iz područja ekonomije, kognitivne psihologije i medicine. Fokus je stavljen na četiri najčešće pristranosti (potvrđivanja, sidrenja, heuristiku dostupnosti i pretjerano samopouzdanje) uz prikaz njihovih manifestacija u oba konteksta i strategija za njihovo umanjenje utjecaja, uključujući metakognitivne tehnike, kontrolne liste, grupno odlučivanje i simulacijske metode poput Monte Carlo analize. Rezultati pokazuju da su temeljni mehanizmi pristranosti konzistentni u različitim kontekstima, iako se njihove posljedice razlikuju ovisno o području i ciljevima odlučivanja. Ta konzistentnost otvara prostor za razvoj zajedničkih strategija i prijenos učinkovitih metoda između ta dva analizirana područja. Praktične implikacije uključuju mogućnost primjene medicinskih strukturiranih protokola u financijama te integraciju kvantitativnih modela iz financija u kliničke procjene. Ograničenja rada odnose se na nedostatak primarnih empirijskih podataka, fokus na ograničen broj pristranosti i teorijsku razinu prijedloga interdisciplinarnog prijenosa. Buduća istraživanja trebaju kombinirati teorijske uvide s praktičnim rješenjima i tehnološkim inovacijama kako bi se otvorio prostor za učinkovitije i robusnije okvire odlučivanja. Interdisciplinarni pristup dodatni je iskorak u povećanju kvalitete stručnih odluka u financijskom i medicinskom odlučivanju.
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