Vanjska trgovina Grčke i EU tijekom ekonomske krize (2008) i zdravstvene krize (2020)
Usporedni pristup
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15291/oec.3968Ključne riječi:
Vanjska trgovina, kriza, učinci Covida na trgovinu, trgovina EU, trgovina GrčkeSažetak
Ovaj rad ispituje vanjsku trgovinu Grčke u usporedbi s vanjskom trgovinom EU28 tijekom ekonomske krize (2008.) i zdravstvene krize (2020.). Na temelju saznanja relevantne znanstvene literature evidentiraju se i metodološki analiziraju kvantitativni podaci vanjske trgovine (izvoz, uvoz, trgovinska bilanca). Istovremeno, izdvajaju se uvjeti trgovine i stupanj ekstrovertiranosti grčke trgovine u usporedbi s odgovarajućim rezultatima EU28 tijekom razdoblja ekonomske krize (2008.-2018.) i zdravstvene krize (2020.-2021.). Prema dosadašnjoj znanstvenoj literaturi iz kriznih razdoblja, osim drugih financijskih parametara, time je također zahvaćen i obujam vanjske trgovine na međunarodnoj, regionalnoj i nacionalnoj razini.
Osim drugih učinaka, gospodarska kriza (2008.) i provedene oštre restriktivne mjere zbog fiskalne kontrakcije dovele su do smanjenja prihoda i unutarnje potražnje s kojom su se poduzeća suočila, jačajući njihovu trgovinsku ekstrovertiranost, dok je iz istih razloga uvoz smanjen, što je dovelo do poboljšanja trgovinske bilance, uvjeta trgovine i stupnja trgovinske ekstrovertiranosti. Sukladno tome, prema trenutačnim podacima, čini se da su se izvozi Grčke i EU28 smanjili otprilike u istoj mjeri tijekom razdoblja zdravstvene krize (2019.-2020.).
Što se tiče podataka o vanjskoj trgovini, čini se da je stupanj osjetljivosti Grčke na učinke krize veći od onog u EU28. Doista, izgleda da je izvoz manje osjetljiv na učinke krize od uvoza. Ovakvo ponašanje vanjske trgovine Grčke može se objasniti sektorskim sastavom izvoza, u kojem se najveća važnost pripisuje proizvodima s velikom elastičnošću potražnje u smislu dohotka, manjom veličinom poduzeća, a time i ograničenim pristupom trgovinskih kredita i vanjskog financiranja, ali i nedostatkom konkurentnosti izvoznih proizvoda u smislu dodane vrijednosti, kvalitete i cijene u usporedbi s onima iz EU28, a posebno najrazvijenijih zemalja. Prijedlozi za daljnja istraživanja su proširiti razdoblje podataka uzimajući u obzir razdoblje 2021. godine i razmotriti pitanje kako će nova geopolitička kriza Rusije i Ukrajine utjecati na međunarodne trgovinske odnose, obveznice i transakcije.
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