Methodology and the philosophy of science or the philosophic basis of sciences

Abstract

Looking over the beginnings of methodology and the philosophy of science, establishing its status and the range of problems it deals with, not only in the Anglo-American but also in other parts of the world, it is evident that two antagonistic views (analitical and sociohistorical) are slowly replaced by a third approach which stands in between the extreme racionalism and irrationalism, and which invites interdisciplinary study together with the integration of sciences in general. Such positive effect on the sciences is not evident in the so-called philosophical basis of science. In the argumentation of the alternative relation between methodology and the philosophy of science and towards the conceptions pf the philosophical basis, the author analyses the view of the Soviet philosophers as stated in the publication Filosofskie osnovanija nauki, 1981. and also from the Apstrakt from the 7th International Congress on Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of science held in Salzburg in 1983. The result of the analysis shows that the Soviet authors show a tendency towards the intergation of sciences, but they miss it already in the philosophical starting point. This happens because the scientific processes of the dialectic and materialistic principles as »the universal leading principles in sciences« are dogmatized. The final aim of the article is to revise Marx’s idea on the natural sciences of man as the integrated science and to point out the possibility for such integration lies within the framework of a neorationalistic methodology and the philosophy of science.