For the typology of possible relations between human languages and communities on the basis of geneticolinguistic, sociolinguistic, ethnological and sociological criteria of comparison

Abstract

In the Slavic world we find three examples as the exception from the scheme: 1 ethnic community (E) : 1 nation (N) : 1 diasystem of dialects (ID) : 1 standard language (S). The cases are: Polish-Kashubian (2 E, 2 D), Serbo-Croatian (2 E, 2 N with S realized in two variants) and Lusatian Sorabian (2 E, 2 D, 2 S). In order to establish the nature of these complex and theoretically complicated relations, the author made a table of 16 possible combinations starting with the formula 2 E, 2 N, 2 D, 2 S where there are no problems and ending with the formula 1 E, 1 N, 1 D, 1 S also a table without problems. In the 14 positions in between the two extremes in which together with the symbols E-N-D-S we alternatively find number 1, and 2 we run into a series of problematic and complicated situations in the formulas. The author tried to find concrete examples from diverse language families from all the continents for the possible situations for the combinations from 2 to 15. Thus we obtained a great variety of specific examples for the comparison with the mentioned Slavic examples and also opened a new possibility for further theoretical analysis, confrontations and comparisons.