Problems of defining and measuring empathy in social-psychological researches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15291/radovifpsp.2441Abstract
The work deals with different approaches to the problem of defining and measuring empathy. Empathy researches have followed two almost opposite directions: the first one emphasizes the cognitive aspect of empathy, empathy being defined in this case as an ability to take somebody else’s standpoint on; the other one defines empathy as an ability of vicarious experiencing somebody else’s feelings, i. c. an emotional aspect to empathy Is emphasized. In keeping with these different theoretical approaches empathy is operationalized in various ways. Some investigating empathy paradigms in experimental socio-psychological researches are described. Methodological difficultes of demonstrating experience of empathy are pointed out, as veil as of demonstrating empathy affecting behaviour, but the link between empathy and similar concepts is pointed out as well.References
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3. Batison, C.D., Darle y, J.M., Coke, J. S., »Altruism and human kindness: Internal and external determinants of helping behavior«, u L. A. Pervin i M. Lewis (Eds.) Perspectives in interactional psychology, New York: Plenum Press, 1978.
4. Batson, C. D., Duncan, B. D., Ackerman, P., Buckley, T., Birch, K., »Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation?«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1981, 40 (2), str. 290—302.
5. Chlopan, B. E., McCain, M. L., Carbonell, J, L., Hagen, R. L„ »Empathy: Review of avallable measures«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48 (3), str. 635—653.
6. Coke, J. S., Batson, C. D., M c D a v i s, K., »Empathic mediation of helping: A two-stage model«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1978, 36 (7), str. 752—766.
7. Davis, M. H., »Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983a, 44 (1), str. 113—126.
8. Davis, M. H., »Empathic concern and the muscular dystrophy telethon: Empathy as a multidimensional concept«, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1983b, 9 (2), 223—229.
9. Gladstein, G. A., »Understandig empathy: Integrating counseling, developmental, and social psychology perspectives«, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1983, 30 (4), str. 467—482.
10. Johnson, J. A., Cheek, J. M., Smither, R., »The structure of empathy«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1983, 45 (6), str. 1299—1312.
11. Krebs, D., «Empathy and altruism«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1975, 32 (6), str. 1134—1146.
12. Krebs, D., Russell, C., «Role-taking and altruism: When you put yourself in the shoes of another, will they take you to their owner’s aid?« u J. P. Rushton: R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.) Altruism and helping behavior: Social, personality, and developmental perspectives, Hillsdale, N, J: Erlbaum, 1981.
13. Regan, D. T., Totten, J., »Empathy and attribution: Turning observers into actors«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1975, 37 (5), str. 850—856.
14. Schachter, S., »The interaction of cognitive and physiological determinants of emotional state«, u L. Berkowitz (Ed.) Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 1, New York: Academic Presis. 1964.
15. Staub, E., Positive social behavior and morality: Social and personal influences, Vol. 1, New York: Academic Press, 1978.
16. Stotland, E., »Exploratory investigations of empathy«, u L. Berkowitz (Ed.) Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 3, New York: Academic Press, 1969.
17. Wispé , L. G., »Sympathy and empathy«, u D. L. Sills (Ed.) International encyclopedia of social sciences, Vol. 15, New York: Free Press, 1968.
18. Wispé, L. G., »The role of moods in helping behavior«, Representative Research in Social Psychology, 1980, 11, str. 2—15.
19.Wispé, L. G., »The distinction between sympathy and empathy: To call forth a concept, a word is needed«, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 50 (2), str. 314—321.
